TECHNICAL TERMS

Besides work study originating from "The principles of scientific management" (1911) advocated by F. W. Taylor, time and motion study developed by F. B. Gilbreth are well known. The classical IE (narrow sense) is based on "phenomena pursuit approach" aiming for work standardization, which is effective for improving the efficiency in the field site.

The control chart invented by AW Shewhart (1924) is basically the beginning of "Quality control(QC)". QC is based on the "causal pursuit approach" aiming for reduction in variation of each product's quality by managing the process of products on the premise of mass production.

Triggered by solving the problem at purchasing department at GE, VE was developed by LD Miles ,GE 's purchasing department manager. Firstly, it was developed as a purchasing technique (1947). Thereafter, VE has been used as one of design methodologies of products and services, and the "functional approach" aiming for value improvement (pursue balance between function and cost) has become a major feature.

It is called QFD(Quality Function Deployment) in English. It was developed by both Dr. Yoji Akao and Shigeru Mizuno in 1978. QFD (broad sense) is composed of "Quality Deployment" and "Quality Function Deployment (narrow sense)", both of which are effective for quality assurance activities at new product development stage.

The letters TRIZ from English acronym for Russian words Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskih Zadatch which, translated , mean the theory of inventive problem solving, developed by G. Altshuller in the former Soviet Union (in 1946). This methodology is an effective for solving the interference problems occurring on design process (mainly technical contradiction).

It is usually called MOT (Management of Technology) in English. To achieve sustainable development, companies and organizations engaged in business based on technology are managing the possibility of technologies and linking it to business, creating economic value.

5S is an acronym for Japanese regarding *1Seiri, *2Seiton, *3Seiso, *4Seiketsu and *5Shitsuke, not just cleaning. In short, it is the purpose of 5S activities to raise the Quality, Cost, Delivery and Safty / Security in work, and it is the key to Kaizen(improvement) activities. *1First S- Seiri (organization/sort) *2Second S-Seiton (set in place/neatness) *3: ThirdS- Seiso (cleaniness) *4FourthS-Seiketsu(standardization) *5:FifthS-Shitsuke(discipline to sustain)

Risk management is a business management method for appropriately managing assumed various external and internal risks when an organizations or company generally conducts management.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means an company has a responsibility for not only company's profit but also the influence of its organizational activities on society. Moreover, it must fulfill appropriate decision-making to all stakeholders' (stakeholders: consumers, investors, etc., and Society as a whole) requirements.